Check important questions to prepare for CBSE Class 10th Social Science Term 2 Exam 2022. The set of questions provided here is best to prepare the 5 marks questions from all chapters of Class 10 Social Science. These questions have been prepared by the examination experts. Students can easily read all questions in revise them to score maximum marks in their Social Science exam.
Nationalism in India
Q.1. How did the plantation workers understand the idea of ‘Swaraj’? Explain.
Ans. The plantation workers understood the idea of Swaraj as-
(i) The right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(ii) It meant retaining a link with villages from which they had come.
(iii) They interpreted the Swaraj in their own ways, imagining it to be a time when all sufferings and all troubles would be over.
(iv) Through the Inland Emigration Act, they were rarely given permission to get out of the tea plantations.
(v) When they heard of non-cooperation, they left these plantations and thought that Gandhi would give them land.
Q.2. Why did Gandhi decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlett Act, of 1919? How was it organized Explain?
Ans. Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919, because
1) It gave enormous power to the government and no power to the leaders.
2) This law was hurriedly passed even after the united opposition by the Indians and other Indian leaders.
3) It allowed the detention of political leaders without any trial for three years.
4) It means that the British Government can arrest any Indian leader without any proof of the crime.
Q.3. What were the two types of demands mentioned by Gandhiji in his letter to Viceroy Irwin on 31st January 1930? Why was abolition of ‘salt tax’ most stirring demand? Explain.
Ans. (i) On 31st January 1930 Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
(ii) Some of these were of general interest; others were specific demands of different classes from industrialists to peasants.
(iii) The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.
(iv) The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.
(v) Salt was something consumed by the rich and poor alike and it was one of the most essential items of food.
(vi) The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production was a matter of concern.
(vii) Mahatma Gandhi declared and revealed the most oppressive face of British rule.
Q.4. Describe the role of the peasants in Awadh in the Non-cooperation Movement
Ans. The role of peasants in Awadh in the Non-Cooperation Movement:
- The Peasant movement was largely against the exploitation by talukdars and landlords, demanding a reduction in revenue and the removal of begar. Many Panchayats even organized nail-dhobi hands where they refused any service to the landlords.
- Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up by Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra with over 300 branches in the villages. They tried to bring Awadh’s peasant struggle into Non-Cooperation Movement.
- The movement turned violent in 1921. The houses of talukdars and merchants, as well as the bazaars, were attacked and looted. The name of Gandhi was used by local leaders to approve every action like paying no tax
Q.5. Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’.
or
How did the Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain.
Ans. The main features of the ‘Salt March’ were: Gandhiji started the historic Dandi March Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram Ahmedabad accompanied by 78 trusted volunteers. The distance from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi a coastal town on the coast of Gujarat was 240 miles. The volunteers walked for 24 days 10 miles a day. Thousands of people came to hear Gandhiji. They explained the meaning of Swaraj to them. On 6th April he reached Dandi violated the salt law and manufactured salt by boiling seawater.
or
The ‘Salt March acted as an effective tool of resistance against colonialism because it involved a stirring demand against the abolition of the tax. Salt was something consumed by the rich and by the rich and the poor alike. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production revealed the most oppressive face of British rule. To peacefully defy the British, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling seawater. This also marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Q.6. Describe the spread of the Non-Cooperation Movement in the countryside.
Ans. From the cities, the Non-Cooperation Movement spread to the countryside. It drew into its fold the struggles of peasants and tribals which were developing in different parts in the years after the war.
(i) The movement was primarily against talukdars and landlords who demanded from the peasants exorbitantly high rents. By swaraj, they understood that they would not be required to pay any taxes and that land would be redistributed.
(ii) In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra-a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured laborer.
(iii) Alluri Sitaram Raju was a tribal peasant leader. During the days of the Non-Cooperation Movement, he led the tribal people in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
Q.7. How did cultural processes help in creating a sense of collective belongingness in India? Explain.
Ans. There was a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people’s imagination. They were:
(i) Image – With the growth of nationalism, the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata.
(ii) Song – In 1870, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland
(iii) Folklore – Nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards. These tales, they believed gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces.
(iv) Flag – The flag became a symbol of defiance. Gandhiji himself had designed the Swaraj flag which was tricolour and had a spinning wheel in the center.
(v) Reinterpretation of history – Indians recalled their glorious past to instill a sense of pride in the nation.
Q.8. Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs, popular prints, etc., in shaping the nationalism during the freedom struggle.
Ans. In India, the feeling of nationalism is associated with the anti-colonial movement. In the process of their struggle against the colonial yoke, people began to discover their own identity of belonging to one nation. Various folktales, songs, and symbols like the national flag, and tricolor flag gave a sense of identity to the people. It gave a true picture of India’s culture which was so rich and uncorrupted. They served to produce a sense of achievement and glorify India’s past. They boosted Indians’ self-confidence who then strongly waged a war against colonial rule.
(i) National songs like Vande Mataram instilled a sense of belongingness uniting people from different languages. The identity of India came to be associated with Bharat Mata which was depicted as composed, divine, and spiritual.
(ii) Folktales, songs, and hymns were used by our national leaders to give a sense of pride in our culture.
(iii) Likewise Khadi, the charka used by Mahatma Gandhi become a symbol of agitation and resistance.
(iv) Folktales, songs, and literature used by nationalists gave a true picture of India’s culture which was so rich and uncorrupted.
(v) In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes, and myths.
(vi) In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India which he believed was national literature.
Q.9. Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India.
Ans. Problems posed during the First World War in India were :
(i) Huge increase in defense expenditure.
(ii) Taxes and customs duties were increased and income tax was introduced.
(iii) The prices got doubled during the war leading to extreme hardships for the common people.
(iv) Villages were called upon to supply soldiers and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
(v) Crop failure in many parts of India resulted in an acute shortage of food.
(vi) Famine and Epidemics like influenza perished a large number of people.
Q.10. Explain five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’.
Ans. The following are the Gandhiji’s idea of Satyagraha:
- According to him, Satyagraha has been formulated as the armament of the strongest and does not support violence in any form.
- The motive behind Satyagraha was not to damage or harass the enemy but to change him or win him by sympathy, self-suffering, and tolerance.
- According to him the idea of Satyagraha was based on the power of truth.
- This idea of Satyagraha emphasized the belief in non-violence, truth, patience, and peaceful demonstrations.
- He considered that this dharma of non-violence and truth can unite the people of India.
Manufacturing Industries
Q.1. Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?
Ans. Factors responsible for the decentralization of the cotton industry in India are as follows:
Transport and infrastructure development.
Labor availability in the “hinterland Cotton”.
Cotton weaving, cotton cutting, and processing is spread throughout the country.
Meeting large domestic markets’ needs.
Cotton growing areas in many new areas such as Rajasthan, Punjab, etc.
Traditional skills in designing and weaving the silk, zari, and embroidery of cotton, etc., are also included in Decentralization.
Q.2. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention the main reasons.
Ans. North India is regarded as the main center of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer. Over time the sugar industry is shifting toward south India. The main reasons behind the shifting of the sugar industry toward south India are:
(i) The sugar contents in the cane are higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.
(ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
(iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.
(iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
(v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in south India than in north India.
Q.3. Name the factor which plays the most dominant role in the ideal location of an industry. Explain any four reasons in support of this factor.
Ans. (1) Availability of raw material: The factory needs to be close to the location of raw materials if they are heavy and bulky to transport. For example, iron and steel, and cement industries are located near the source of raw materials. It cuts down the cost of transportation. ‘
(2) Labor: A large and cheap labor force is required for labor-intensive manufacturing industries. High-tech industries have to locate where suitably skilled workers are available.
(3) Power: Power supply is needed for working of the machines in a factory. Earlier industries were near coalfields. Today, electricity allows more freedom.
(4) Capital: This is the money that is invested to start the business. The amount of capital will determine the size and location of the factory
(5) Transport: A good transport network helps to reduce costs and made the movement of raw materials and finished goods easier.
(6) Market: An accessible place to sell the products is essential.
(7) Government policies: Industrial development is encouraged in some areas and restricted in others. Industries that are located in deprived areas may receive financial incentives and assistance from the government in the form of low rent and tax rebates.
Q.4. “The textile industry is the only industry that is self-reliant and complete in the value chain? Justify this statement?
Ans. The textile industry is the only industry in India that is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from the raw material to the highest value-added products.
- The cotton textiles industry is a very old industry that has existed since ancient times. In the early years, it was concentrated in the cotton-growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Factors such as availability of raw cotton, market, transport facilities (ports), labor, and favorable climate contribute to its prominent presence locally.
- This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to many people involved in the entire chain (eg – farmers, cotton ball pluckers workers engaged in various activities – ginning, dyeing, etc.). It not only generates employment opportunities but also supports other industries such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, etc.
- India is also the second-largest producer of raw jute and jute-based goods and stands in second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. Although there are a no. of challenges faced by this industry, the jute textiles have been successful in providing employment to many people and the increasing concern over environmentally friendly products globally has also widened the opportunity for this industry.
Q.5. Explain five different ways to control environmental degradation caused by industries.
Ans. Different ways to control environmental degradation caused by industries are the following :
- Air pollution caused by industrial units can be reduced by fitting smokestacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers, and inertial separators.
- Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
- Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
- Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
- Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
